Distribution Center is engaged in the distribution of goods (collection of goods, processing, delivery, picking, picking) and the organization of the user delivery to a high level of sales and supply services, modern distribution facilities. Distribution Center is based on the rationalization of the development of logistics and market development needs of the two, is the organization of distribution-type sales and supply, the implementation of physical distribution as the main function of the flow of logistics nodes. It is a good solution to the diverse needs of users and manufacturers of large quantities of specialized production of contradictions, therefore, gradually become a symbol of modern logistics.

 

        Second, the classification of distribution centers

 

        Distribution center is a new type of management, with a large number of less to meet the market demand and reduce the role of the cost of circulation, but because of the background of the construction enterprise, its distribution center functions, composition and mode of operation there is a very Big difference, therefore, in the distribution center planning should pay full attention to the type of distribution center and its characteristics. Distribution Center of the specific classification is as follows:

 

        1, the distribution center set up by the classification

 

     (1) Manufacturer-type distribution center M.D.C (Distribution Center built byMaker)

 

        A manufacturer's distribution center is a manufacturer-centric distribution center. This distribution center 100% of the items produced by their own manufacturing, to reduce the cost of circulation and improve after-sales service quality and timely pre-assembly of the components will be shipped to the provisions of the processing and assembly stations. From the manufacture of goods to the bar code after the production and packaging and other aspects are more easily controlled, so in accordance with modern, automated distribution center design more customer-friendly, but does not have the requirements of socialization.

 

      (2) Wholesaler Distribution Center-W.D.C (Distribution Center built byWholesaler)

 

       Wholesaler-type distribution center is set up by the wholesaler or agent distribution center. To wholesalers as the main distribution center. Wholesale is the goods from the manufacturer to the consumer in the hands of one of the traditional circulation, generally by department or item type of different, each factory items together, and then a single species or mix to the consumer to the retail To carry out distribution. This distribution center items from various manufacturers, it carried out an important activity is to summarize and resale items, and all of its purchase and shipment are social distribution, a high degree of socialization.

 

      (3) Retailer-type distribution center -Re.D.C (Distribution Center built byRetailer)

 

        A distribution center set up by a retailer to consolidate. To the retail as the main distribution center. Retailers to a certain scale, you can consider the establishment of their own distribution center for professional items retail stores, supermarkets, department stores, building materials stores, foodstuffs, food stores, hotels and other services, the degree of socialization between the first two between.

 

      (4) professional logistics and distribution center T.D.C (Distribution Center built byTPL)

 

        Professional logistics and distribution center is a third-party logistics enterprises (including the traditional warehousing enterprises and transport enterprises) as the main distribution center. This distribution center has a strong transport and distribution capabilities, location, can be quickly arrived at the distribution of goods to users. It provides logistics services for the manufacturer or supplier, while the distribution center's goods are still owned by the manufacturer or supplier, the distribution center is to provide storage management and transportation and distribution services. This distribution center tends to be more modern.

 

        2, according to the scope of services

 

      (1) city distribution center

 

       The city distribution center is a city-wide distribution center, which can be directly delivered to the end-user because of its economic mileage, which is generally in the range of automobile transportation. Therefore, this distribution center is often combined with the retail business, due to short distance, the ability to respond, and thus engage in more varieties, less bulk, multi-user distribution more advantage.

 

     (2) regional distribution center-R.D.C (Regional Distribution Center)

 

       Regional distribution center with a strong radiation capacity and inventory preparation, to the provincial (state), national and international distribution of the user distribution center. This distribution center distribution of large-scale, in general, users are larger, larger distribution volume, and often distribution to the next level of urban distribution centers, but also distribution to the establishment, shops, wholesalers and enterprises Users, although also engaged in sporadic distribution, but not the main form.

 

       3, according to the distribution center function classification

 

     (1) storage-type distribution center

 

       Has a strong storage function. For example, the storage area of ​​the United States Hymac distribution center can store 163,000 pallets. China's current construction of the distribution center, mostly storage-type distribution centers, large inventories.

 

     (2) circulation distribution center

 

       Including through the type or transit-type distribution center, basically no long-term storage function, only temporary or with the way into the distribution and delivery of the distribution center. Typical way: a large number of goods into the bulk, according to a certain batch zero out. The general use of large cargo aircraft, the purchase directly into the sub-conveyor belt, distributed to the user location or distribution directly to the distribution car.

 

     (3) processing-type distribution center

 

       To flow processing as the main business of the distribution center.

 

       4, according to the classification of the distribution of goods

 

       (3C) product distribution center, the book product distribution center, the clothing product distribution center, the automobile product distribution center, the automobile product distribution center, the product distribution center, the automobile product distribution center, the automobile product distribution center, the automobile product distribution center, the automobile product distribution center, Parts distribution centers and fresh processing center.

 

       As the distribution of different products, distribution center planning direction is completely different.

 

       For example, the fresh produce distribution center mainly deals with fresh products such as vegetables, fruits and fish, and belongs to the low-temperature distribution center. It is composed of freezer, cold storage, fish and shrimp packing processing field, meat packing processing field, vegetable packing processing field and incoming and outgoing temporary storage area, etc. The freezer is minus -25 ℃, 5 ℃. Also known as wet goods distribution center.

 

        The book distribution center, due to the new publishing, reprint and supplement the book features, especially in the newly published books or magazines, of which 80% is not on the shelves, direct tally distribution to the bookstore, the remaining 20 % Of inventory in the distribution center waiting for customers to re-order; In addition, the return rate of books or magazines is very high, about 3 to 4 percent or so. Therefore, in the distribution center of the book product planning, it can not be the same as the distribution center for food and daily necessities;

 

       Clothing products distribution center, but also the characteristics of short season and epidemic and so on, and more advanced clothing must be used hangers, the distribution center planning also has its particularity.

 

       For different types and industry forms of distribution center, its content, equipment type, scope of operations may be completely different, but on the system planning and analysis methods and procedures have in common. The development of distribution center has been gradually from the warehouse as the main distribution center to the information technology, automated integrated distribution center development.

 

       Third, the distribution center functions

 

       Distribution centers and traditional warehouses, transport is not the same, the general emphasis on storage and storage of goods, the general traditional transport only to provide transport and distribution of goods only, and distribution center is the importance of the full range of commodity circulation features, while commodities Storage and custody, circulation marketing, sorting distribution, circulation processing and information provision.

 

       1, circulation marketing function

 

       Distribution is an important function of the distribution center, especially the modern industrial age, the development of the information media, coupled with the stability and credit quality of goods, so many direct selling industry using distribution centers, through cable television, or the Internet And other goods for marketing. This kind of commodity marketing can greatly reduce the cost of purchase, so widely loved by consumers. For example, there are many logistics companies in foreign countries is the name of the marketing company named. The wholesalers of the distribution center, manufacturer-based distribution center and importer-based distribution center also has a marketing (business flow) function.

 

        2, storage custody function

 

        Commodity trading After the sale, in addition to the use of direct distribution to the wholesalers, the goods will be the actual warehousing, storage, distribution and processing of packaging and then out of the warehouse, the distribution center has storage and storage functions. In the distribution center generally have storage storage storage area, because any goods in order to prevent out of stock, more or less have a certain safety inventory characteristics of the goods and production lead time is different, the number of safety stock is also different . Generally less domestic manufacturing of goods inventory, and foreign manufacturing of goods due to the reasons for the shipment inventory more, about 2 to 3 months; another fresh product storage period is shorter, so keep a small amount of inventory; Frozen food because of its longer shelf life, so keep the stock out of more.

 

        3, sorting distribution function

 

       Another important point in the distribution center is sorting and distribution functions, because the distribution center is to meet the multi-species small batch of customer needs and developed, the distribution center must be in accordance with the requirements of customers picking picking operations, and the most Fast delivery speed of the hands of customers or within a specified time delivery to customers. Distribution center sorting distribution efficiency is a concentrated expression of the quality of logistics, distribution center is the most important function.

 

       4, circulation processing function

 

       Distribution center of the circulation processing operations include classification, scales, large packaging, unpacking to change packaging, product portfolio packaging, trademarks, label stickers and other operations. These operations is to improve the quality of service delivery center an important means.

 

       5, the information provided function

 

       Distribution Center in addition to marketing, distribution, circulation processing, storage and other functions, but also for the distribution center itself and the upstream and downstream enterprises to provide a wide range of information and information for the distribution center operations management policy development, product line development, Commodity sales promotion policy formulation. For example, which customers to order the number of goods? Which goods sell well? From the computer EIQ analysis of the information is very clear, and even these valuable information can be provided to the upstream and downstream manufacturers of retailers as a management reference.

 

       Fourth, the distribution center of the operating process

 

       The characteristics or size of the distribution centers vary, and the operations and processes they cover are not the same. But generally can be summarized as the following aspects:

 

       1, purchase

 

       Purchasing operations include receiving goods from the goods, unloading the goods from the truck, and checking the quantity and status of the goods (quantity inspection, quality inspection, unpacking, etc.), and then record the necessary information or input into the computer.

 

       2, handling

 

       It is necessary to lift, lay down or move the raw materials, semi-finished products or finished products of different forms in bulk or in packaging or in whole, either in the plane or in the vertical direction. It may be transported or repositioned so that the goods can be timely and appropriate. To the appropriate location or place to store. In the distribution center for each operation link contains the handling operations.

 

       3, storage

 

       The main task of storage operations is to use or to be shipped in the future to do the preservation of materials, and often do the inventory control of the inventory, storage should pay attention to the full use of space, but also pay attention to inventory management.

 

        4, inventory

 

        In the long-term accumulation of goods due to constant access to the library of materials easily and actual number of production does not match, or some of the products stored for too long, inappropriate, resulting in quality function affected, difficult to meet customer needs. In order to effectively control the number of goods, the need for storage sites for inventory operations.

 

        5, order processing

 

       Order processing, including information on customer, order //confirm/i/iation, inventory inquiry, document processing, and shipping dispatch, is performed by the customer at the beginning of the order to prepare for picking.

 

       6, picking

 

       Each customer's order contains at least more than one commodity, how these different types of goods from the distribution center in the collection together, this is the so-called picking operations. The purpose of picking operations is to correctly and quickly collect the goods ordered by customers.

 

       7, replenishment

 

       Replenishment operations include moving the goods from the Reserve Area to the Home Area and processing the information accordingly.

 

       8, shipping

 

       Will pick up the classification of finished goods for shipment inspection, into the appropriate container, do a good job marking, according to the vehicle trip or other manufacturers do not wait for instructions to the goods shipped to the preparation area, the final loading distribution.

 

       9, distribution operations

 

       Distribution refers to the goods to be ordered, the use of trucks from the distribution center to the hands of customers activities.

 

       Fifth, the purpose of building a distribution center

 

       1, to expand market share

 

       In addition to providing quality goods enterprises, but also must provide timely and appropriate delivery services, as companies increase the turnover of the secret weapon, thereby expanding market share.

 

       2, reduce costs

 

       Reduce the cost of logistics is the most fundamental purpose. The general situation: chain and production enterprise business sector integration set up large-scale distribution center, improve operational efficiency, thereby reducing inventory and transmission and distribution costs.

 

       3, improve service quality

 

      Consumers of the goods brand more and more low degree of superstition, the quality of goods between the differences are getting smaller and smaller, so when to buy the brand out of stock, it will immediately replac the other brands. Therefore, the stores are selling best-selling items as much as possible, the number of stocks is not too much, it will not be out of stock.

 

       Therefore, it will require more varieties of small quantities of orders and multi-frequency distribution, it requires rapid response processing orders and shipments. Through the establishment of distribution centers, you can improve service quality in the following areas: reduce delivery time, improve delivery frequency, reduce the out-of-stock rate, misallocation rate, emergency distribution, holiday distribution.