Medicine cold chain logistics is generally attached to China's next step to how to go?

 Modernization of information technology into the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics system, to achieve the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics intelligence, information technology and automation, enhance logistics efficiency. However, at present, China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics presents high input and high risk characteristics, logistics infrastructure construction level and information level is low, transportation and distribution links there is a lack of regulatory phenomenon. In contrast, the United States, Japan and other developed countries, medicine cold chain logistics system is more robust.
Pharmaceutical cold chain logistics refers to a refrigerated drug transport system project to meet people's treatment of disease. In the entire pharmaceutical cold chain logistics process, to ensure that the drug in the various aspects of the chain of refrigeration effect. At present, China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics is still in the primary stage of development, in the infrastructure, cold chain quality control standards and so there is more deficiencies, has not yet formed a complete pharmaceutical cold chain logistics system.
In contrast, the United States, Japan, Canada and other developed countries is the development of pharmaceutical cold chain model, has formed a relatively complete pharmaceutical cold chain logistics system. Therefore, the comparison of the development of cold chain logistics between Chinese and foreign medicine will help to promote the modernization of Chinese medicine cold chain logistics.
First, the experience of foreign medicine cold chain logistics development
(A) of the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics high degree of standardization
At present, international organizations and some developed countries have introduced a relatively mature guidelines for pharmaceutical cold chain logistics. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced The Blood Cold Chain and has developed a very strict blood temperature limit in the blood bank organization guidelines.
US joint blood center of the blood components of cold chain transport of goods temperature control, refrigerant varieties, shipping box specifications are also strictly regulated, and clear cold chain logistics links should be equipped with a detailed tracking form. For blood beyond the control of the cold chain, the Joint Blood Center will undergo a strict recall. At the same time, the American Cold Chain Association also issued a "cold chain quality standards", covering the cold storage of drugs, temperature control, cold chain facilities with the standard content, to accurately test the pharmaceutical refrigeration, cold chain packaging, cold chain transport standards Sex, for the US pharmaceutical cold chain transport standard certification provides the basis.
The Canadian Department of Health, Health and Safety has also issued a "Guidelines for the Transport of Temperature Control Drugs" (No. 0067), which is supervised by the Canadian community. In the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics certification, Canada to the medical standard GAP, pharmaceutical production standard GMP and other standard system for the implementation of the benchmark, strictly control the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics standards. In the strict medical cold chain logistics standards to control, Canada refrigerated transport rate as high as 90%, medical cold chain logistics safety factor is extremely high.
(B) the development of transport networks, medicine cold chain logistics and transport channels to facilitate
Foreign governments to actively open up the cold chain logistics channel for the development of medicine cold chain logistics provides a good basis for transport environment. For example, Canada has established a multimodal transport system, railways, maritime transport, aviation, highways and other modes of transport to each other, forming a comprehensive cold chain logistics network.
At the same time, Canada has established the west coast transport, the east coast transport corridor and the north and south transport to take the three cold chain transport corridor, covering the Atlantic, Asia Pacific countries and the United States cold chain shipping business. Formed along the United States and Canada border, through things, smooth development of the railway transport channel and highway transport network for the Canadian pharmaceutical cold chain logistics cross-border trade provides a great convenience.
The US regional transportation network is also well developed, and the US regional rail and road transport network is extended from Long Island to New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, making it one of the world's largest transportation networks. At the same time, the US interstate highway system length of 68,500km, can achieve 1000km range of medical products cold chain logistics 24 hours in a timely manner.
In the railway cold chain logistics transport, the United States using train temperature control containers for 48 state medicine between the immediate delivery. The United States "Express Corridor" and "Cold Express" refrigerated Expressway, for the east and west coast of the cold chain transport of medicine provides a seamless convergence, greatly improving the speed of medical cold chain transport, and transportation costs lower than the road 5% -15 %.
In addition, the US railway operation is usually the origin of the train unit train mode of operation, transport time easy to control, the punctuality rate is usually more than 95%. Relying on the convenient transport network system, the US pharmaceutical cold chain logistics to the rapid development.
(C) pharmaceutical cold chain logistics technology is mature, Internet of things widely used
Foreign medicine cold chain logistics technology development level is more mature, the developed countries generally have a modern medicine cold chain logistics technology. In the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics transport, the United States, Britain, Japan, the application of high technology. US application of RFID, GPS equipped with temperature control system, through the automatic temperature control and temperature monitoring real-time monitoring of medical temperature, to keep the pharmaceutical refrigerated transport temperature in the 2-8 ℃ range, to protect the vaccine, biological agents and other drugs in the cold chain transport process temperature monitor.
At the same time, the United States has the world's most advanced "three-stage" refrigerated trucks, which can meet the temperature requirements of three different cold medicine. UK CREngland cold chain service transportation company, also has electronic data exchange, satellite positioning system, remote control platform and other advanced auxiliary technology, and for each cold chain equipped with a cold chain GPS positioning, network tracking equipment and network billing functions, Real-time tracking each cold chain vehicle transport information, so well documented to ensure that the cold chain transport process of medical quality and safety.
Japan also has the most advanced bar code technology and temperature sensor technology, real-time monitoring of medical cold chain logistics service quality. At the same time, Japan also introduced the car map system for the medical cold chain distribution vehicle planning logistics and distribution routes, greatly reducing the flow of goods in transit time, pharmaceutical cold chain logistics and distribution efficiency is higher.
(D) pharmaceutical companies with high market concentration, pharmaceutical cold chain logistics management system is sound
Foreign pharmaceutical companies market concentration is high, the relevant management system perfect and sound. In the United States, for example, the US pharmaceutical cold chain logistics, usually with large pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises, pharmaceutical companies for the convergence hub, pharmaceutical products need to focus on large-scale cold chain logistics center, and then the final cold chain distribution. This highly centralized cold chain logistics model, make full use of economies of scale, to avoid the market and more complex small orders, the market concentration is higher.
At the same time, the United States will usually through the wireless cold chain monitoring platform, real-time monitoring, reverse the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics throughout the process. In addition, all states in the United States need to follow the standard regulations of the FDA cold chain logistics, requiring pharmaceutical products to be stored below 7 ℃ (including 7 ℃), to overcome the regulation of all state states out of regulation, responsibility to define difficulties. Japan's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics service regional concentration is also strong, most of the cold chain transport of pharmaceutical products to purchase directly to the manufacturer, so the Japanese medicine cold chain transceiver cycle has a strong controllability.
Moreover, the Japanese pharmaceutical cold chain logistics market to implement a strict access system, regional low-temperature drugs are not allowed to carry out nationwide operations, so almost no Japanese imports of pharmaceuticals, the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics market, the high security index.
Second, the difference between Chinese and foreign medicine cold chain logistics development differences
(A) pharmaceutical cold chain logistics infrastructure construction differences
At present, Chinese and foreign medicine cold chain logistics technology construction there is a big difference. The United States, Japan, France and other developed countries, medical cold chain logistics infrastructure construction has been more mature, the application of logistics equipment tends to automation, intelligent. US medicine cold chain logistics system, wireless communications equipment, temperature sensors and other advanced logistics equipment has been widely used. World Courier, Nagel, FedEx, UPS, DHL, Allergan and other international pharmaceutical cold chain logistics leading enterprises, are built a comprehensive cold storage of drugs, and the allocation of advanced medical products refrigerated containers, the use of modern drug packaging, temperature electronic monitoring technology.
In contrast, China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics logistics technology is low, the logistics infrastructure is lagging behind. From the transport level, China's railway refrigerated trucks are mostly mechanical freewheel wagon, a serious lack of modern technology applications, and the number of less, only about 2% of the total refrigerated trucks. Moreover, China's refrigerated car accounted for 0.3% of the proportion of freight cars, and the proportion in the United Kingdom and the United States have reached 2.6% and 1%.
From the technical level, some of our pharmaceutical logistics enterprises in the purchase and shipping, still using artificial temperature measurement and recording, can not achieve the whole process of temperature measurement. Moreover, RFID technology and GPS technology in China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics enterprises in the application is not yet common.
(B) of the cold chain logistics costs are different
Chinese and foreign medicine cold chain logistics costs there are significant differences, and China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics costs as a whole high. According to the relevant public data collated, China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics costs accounted for 12% of the total cost of sales, the United States 4 times. Moreover, China's average circulation costs as high as 12.56%, while the sales margin is only 0.6%, with the United States 3% of the medical expenses and 2.4% of the sales profit margins compared to a far cry.
Another pharmaceutical industry experts pointed out that compared with the cost of ordinary transport, cold chain transport costs higher than 80%, but the cold chain logistics profits of only about 20%. At the same time, China's medical cold chain logistics facilities in the construction costs, electricity, testing fees are at a high level.
For example, Kyushu Tianjin Tianjin Pharmaceutical Company's technology pointed out that the establishment of a cold chain warehouse at least 1 million yuan of capital investment, compared to ordinary warehouse 400 yuan / square meter cost, equipped with insulation system cold storage will need 3,000 yuan / square Meters above the cost. And, in order to maintain the uniformity of the warehouse temperature, you need to spend a high amount of electricity, 10,000 square meters of cold storage at least 20 million / month electricity. Combined with the annual testing costs, that is 150 square meters below the warehouse inspection fee of 8,000 yuan, freezer verification costs 1,200 yuan / month.
In addition, in March 2017 China Water News news shows that Suzhou point through the cold storage logistics Co., Ltd. Business Director pointed out that the cost of medical cold chain logistics is much higher than the traditional logistics industry. In the cold chain logistics hardware facilities, including a car, cold and chassis and meet the standard refrigerated truck costs more than 500,000 yuan; cold chain logistics temperature control system, supporting the operation and management system, at least also need hundreds of thousands Expenditure of dollars. Thus, China's cold chain logistics costs higher, restricting the overall development of the pharmaceutical industry.
(C) medical cold chain logistics information management system there are differences
Medical cold chain logistics information management system includes storage management, transportation management, drug quality traceability, full temperature control and other systems. At present, the United States, Canada, Japan and other developed countries already have a relatively complete logistics information management system, pharmaceutical cold chain logistics system of a higher degree of information.
The United States relies on large data technology, automatic identification of radio frequency technology, electronic data interchange technology and remote control technology, the establishment of transport routes and cargo matching information platform, and constantly optimize the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics information management system. Canada has fully applied the modern information technology of global positioning system, electronic data exchange and so on. According to the unified standard, the medical cold chain logistics information exchange and management system has been constructed. It has now realized the whole temperature control in the pre-cooling, storage, transportation and sales. real time monitoring.
At the same time, Canada used automated cold storage technology, can effectively use the storage technology automation and HDDS high-density power storage, prevention of medical products qualitative change. However, China's medical cold chain logistics information management system construction level is low, the lack of cold storage and distribution process monitoring, the overall level of information is lagging behind. In 2016 the fifth session of the Chinese medicine cold chain logistics summit, the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing Secretary-General pointed out that the Shandong vaccine incident fully reflects the distribution of frozen drugs in China there are information management loopholes, leading to drug regulatory departments can not use the existing information management The system of drug cold chain logistics throughout the monitoring.
It can be seen that China's medical cold chain logistics information management system is still not perfect, can not track, trace and early warning drug cold chain logistics information. In addition, in all aspects of the cold chain of medicine, drug manufacturers, suppliers, distributors to retailers and so on are taking independent management, links and links between the lack of organizational coordination and resource sharing, leading to medical cold chain logistics information management system There is a lack of data and information.
(D) pharmaceutical cold chain logistics regulatory system there are differences
There is a big gap between Chinese and foreign medicine cold chain logistics supervision system, China's regulatory system is relatively backward, the operation is not high. Developed countries to build a sound pharmaceutical cold chain logistics supervision system, with standardized and transparent features. For example, the United States Able Freight company to implement high-quality medical testing, FDA monitoring requirements of US drug supply chain manufacturers not only bear the quality of drugs, but also bear the cold chain transport of drugs in the management responsibilities.
US drugs in the factory, the need to immediately use cold chain temperature control technology, manufacturers need to monitor the chain of drugs in the cold chain process chain. In contrast, China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics regulatory system has not yet improved. At present, for enterprises to reduce the cold chain standards and other illegal acts, the existing laws and regulations of the penalties are not clear enough, can not play a deterrent effect, leading to cold chain logistics industry, frequent "broken chain" phenomenon, drug safety can not be Guarantee.
For example, in the March 2016 Shandong vaccine incident, due to the lack of regulation of the cold chain transport and distribution links, the untreated vaccine flows through illegal channels to 24 provinces and cities, and illegal cases involved up to 570 million yuan. In addition, China's pharmaceutical production, management of quality management standards in the cold chain standards lack of uniformity, and different provinces and cities to regulate the cold chain of Chinese medicine to understand the differences, largely increased the difficulty of regulatory work.
Third, to promote China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics development countermeasures
(A) improve the health of cold chain logistics standards, increase the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics supervision
Perfect medicine cold chain logistics industry standard, is to promote the development of medicine cold chain logistics important guarantee. China's government departments should strengthen the cold chain logistics industry organizations and enterprises exchanges and cooperation, and constantly develop and improve the transport, storage, distribution and other aspects of the relevant standards for the whole process of medical cold chain to carry out the work to provide the basis for monitoring.
At the same time, according to the international cold chain logistics standards, constantly updated pharmaceutical cold chain logistics construction, operation and management practices, clear drug transport, storage and distribution management requirements, and strictly supervise the relevant management departments in the whole process of drug circulation specific work.
And constantly improve the pharmaceutical cold chain logistics supervision system and emergency rescue system to strengthen the professional cold chain logistics facilities supervision, and gradually standardize the cold chain logistics service system to promote the standardization of medical cold chain logistics construction. In addition, the relevant government departments should continue to modify and improve the vaccine storage and transportation management practices for the vaccine cold chain logistics system construction and storage and transportation process to provide the basis for the actual operation.
(B) the full use of Internet of things technology, to achieve smart medicine cold chain logistics
Pharmaceutical cold chain logistics enterprises should give full play to the advantages of Internet of things technology, research and development and the introduction of modern information technology, promote the integration of medical cold chain logistics and seamless. In the cold storage equipment, the logistics enterprises can be multi-temperature control technology applied to the refrigerated trucks, set up to cover frozen, frozen, room temperature, different temperature control area.
Will be placed in different parts of its temperature requirements in line with the region, the same vehicle transport, improve drug transport full load efficiency. In addition, in the software equipment, pharmaceutical cold chain logistics enterprises should be RFID, GPS, wireless communications, temperature sensing technology used in the whole process of logistics, focusing on the introduction of foreign advanced technology, and gradually form an intelligent, automated medicine cold chain logistics center.
In the cold chain logistics system, the logistics enterprises can be integrated drug cold chain storage management system, PTL electronic tag auxiliary picking system, radio frequency picking, low carbon magnetic energy saving environmental protection air conditioning, automatic stacking, real-time monitoring, Reading and other applications, the construction of intelligent medicine cold chain logistics system, in the pharmaceutical product transportation, warehousing, distribution and so the whole process to achieve intelligent.
(C) the establishment of medical cold chain logistics information tracking system to promote the cold chain logistics management information
China's pharmaceutical companies should promptly collect unified standard data, including logistics information management, electronic exchange system, such as pharmaceutical cold chain logistics information tracking system. Through a variety of refrigerated trucks and cold storage, as well as inventory of the shelf life and age of all-round dynamic monitoring, to promote the cold chain of pharmaceutical products, logistics management information.
Pharmaceutical logistics enterprises should establish an information sharing platform, a comprehensive collection of pharmaceutical products from production to sales of all information. Combined with bar code and radio frequency identification technology, the various aspects of the relevant information to trace. For the cold chain logistics process of drug problems, the use of information tracking body for analysis and evaluation, and then do a timely recall of safety problems of pharmaceutical products.
At the same time, the use of drug centralized procurement platform for information resources, and gradually form a national drug information platform, timely release of pharmaceutical products, circulation, price, quality, specifications and other information to achieve medical information sharing. And play the advantages of social supervision, real-time tracking and monitoring of medical cold chain logistics information, improve the level of medical logistics information management.
(D) to develop third-party pharmaceutical cold chain logistics, logistics to enhance the degree of specialization
Third-party cold chain logistics enterprises to fully respond to market demand for pharmaceutical companies to provide specialized logistics services to improve the efficiency of medical cold chain logistics. Therefore, China's government should increase the third-party cold chain logistics enterprises to support efforts to encourage its active pharmaceutical cold chain logistics business.
In the pharmaceutical cold storage construction, cold storage facilities purchase, etc., for the third-party pharmaceutical cold chain logistics enterprises to provide appropriate policy subsidies, such as low-interest loans, tax relief, etc., to encourage its development in the field of cold medicine logistics, The degree of specialization of chain logistics.
At the same time, take the way of cooperation between government and enterprises, make full use of and integrate the logistics resources of third party medicine cold chain logistics enterprises, speed up the construction of logistics facilities and transportation network, expand the logistics service function, and gradually improve the third party pharmaceutical logistics enterprise service network.
In addition, the Government can hire experts to strengthen the third-party pharmaceutical logistics business training guidance. And add indicators to assess the project, the third-party pharmaceutical cold chain logistics business training status rating. In order to improve the degree of its logistics specialization, to ensure the orderly development of pharmaceutical cold chain logistics.
(5) to strengthen the medical cold chain logistics infrastructure construction, cold chain logistics development to provide protection
At present, China's refrigeration and fresh cars, cold chain logistics base and other infrastructure construction deficiencies, has seriously hampered the sustainable development of China's pharmaceutical cold chain logistics. Therefore, China should gradually strengthen the medical cold chain hardware facilities for the development of medical cold chain logistics to provide basic protection. In the low-temperature cold storage construction, pharmaceutical cold chain logistics enterprises should vigorously build efficient and advanced environmental protection freezer, and according to the cold storage products on the temperature and humidity requirements of the difference, the installment update. The government can establish an auxiliary investment mechanism to reduce the financial pressure of cold chain logistics enterprise infrastructure construction.
In terms of refrigerated transport vehicles, logistics enterprises should increase capital investment, strengthen the development and production of refrigerated transport tools, improve the carrying capacity of transport vehicles, in order to achieve professional cold chain transport medicine. At the same time, China should be the development of small group of refrigerated trucks to meet the small, multi-species of refrigerated transport requirements. In addition, should strengthen the construction of medical cold chain logistics dedicated emergency channel, in order to sudden medical events, for the post-disaster medicine cold chain transport or organ transplantation and other emergency medical needs, to provide rapid medical cold chain logistics services.