How to effectively control the cost of cold chain warehouse?
- 2018-03-06 11:43
- Cost controlled cold storage and cold chain logistics fragmentation
Design and design of cold storage based on cost control
In recent years, the cold chain logistics has been warming up, and the construction upsurge of the domestic cold chain logistics park is rising. The construction of cold chain logistics park is to gather multi resources, improve the efficiency of cold chain logistics, and reduce the cost of construction and operation of cold storage. However, the construction of cold chain logistics park in China is still at the initial stage of development. The factors such as fragmentation of cold storage resources and lagging behind standard construction restrict the development of cold chain logistics in China, and also cause some waste to the construction and operation cost of cold storage. In order to meet the construction and operation cost control of cold storage and realize the intensive and efficient operation of cold chain logistics, we need to consider the factors of scale, generalization, publicity and matching in the early stage of planning and design.
Current situation of construction and operation cost of cold storage in China
At present, in China's refrigerator industry, the fragmentation of the cold storage resources are still in the mainstream industry, mainly from the following two aspects: one of the reasons, is caused by the domestic long-term planned economy system, the state-owned industrial manufacturing enterprises formed by cold self-sufficiency in different historical periods and construction standards are not unified, not consistent with the use of the stock of resources is very large, the lack of third party supervision, almost zero residual property use or for reasons; two, land use transition stage, the owner of the land blindly vote for cold storage despite belonging to the new investment, but the standards are generally low and built, not to mention the scale. The above two reasons are sweeping the whole domestic cold storage supply market. based on the service industry, the new cold storage resources built on the basis of scale and modern logistics concept are accepting the most original market competition and challenging the "price". The objective status of resource supply does not stimulate the domestic cold chain industry to improve concentration. Therefore, the cost of resources and operation has no bottom line, resulting in the whole cold storage supply market can not yet form a more stable resource mode.
The fragmentation of storage resources, due to the problem of design positioning, service life and cost oriented, there are many causes of such congenital disorder of the base body itself, and the monomer small scale, unreasonable structure is the basic energy barrier of cold storage irreversible factors, which will give users the operation difficulty, and direct in the operation and cost problem. So the present cold storage market is in the digestion period of low stock products, which is the hibernation period of large-scale, modern cold storage suppliers.
The cold chain demand based on the service format is the inevitable trend of market development. According to incomplete statistics, three kinds of food products, including fruits, vegetables, poultry and aquatic products, which were related to cold chain demand in 2015, all exceeded the national expectation in cold chain circulation rate and refrigerated transport rate index respectively. The business model of the Internet is having a profound impact on the changes of cold chain terminal demand for cold storage resources, the key is to demand scale constantly enlarged, the fragmentation of reservoir resources is gradually withdraw from the cold chain market, price competition is gradually extensive comparison is the relative price of the scale of the competition replaced.
Factors to be considered in the design and design of cold storage
To sum up, the current domestic cold storage market is still in a fragmented state, that is, there is no system of supply and demand adaptation model. In this case, the cold storage needs to consider the following factors in the planning and design phase:
1. Scale
Whether standing in the view of the holder or the user, large-scale investment and operation are the important basic schemes to reduce the cost. This "scale" includes two aspects: the "scale" form of the cold storage itself and the "scale" environment in which the cold storage is located.
1, the scale of the form, that is, the single building of the cold storage needs to be presented in a large scale.
Demand for cold chain service oriented, the pursuit of scale of logistics operation, to achieve the optimization of operation cost, unit storage service one-stop solution is the modern cold chain logistics are the basic concept of operations, such as: to meet at least one fire unit and maintain multiple import and independent doors etc.;
2, the large-scale environment, that is, the cold storage should be set up in a certain scale of logistics park or industrial park.
The cold chain function of cold storage is closely related to logistics, and cold storage can not completely separate from logistics operation. Therefore, large-scale logistics and its industrialization environment are important conditions to ensure the cold chain function of cold storage. In addition to industrial customization, there are few domestic cold chain logistics parks that are completely independent. However, from the perspective of development trend, it is necessary to have a certain scale of logistics parks or industrial parks to allocate a certain size of cold storage.
Two, generality
The generalization of the cold storage is the necessary resource allocation characteristic of the cold chain logistics industrialization. In the domestic refrigerator market supply is in active phase of the precondition of independent stock digestion, talking about the construction and the operation of standard cold storage is too early, and the entire domestic cold chain market has not yet formed the industrial structure and stable positioning, development profile of the cold chain market only about industry and more ambiguous direction. Therefore, the universalization of cold storage is a transitional stage that must be experienced in the process of the standardization of cold storage.
1, medical professional cold storage
In the country specific control and requirements of relevant laws and regulations of the industry, the medical professional cold storage can objectively formed general features, such as: from the perspective of temperature control, constant temperature, constant temperature cold cool reservoir reservoir 2~8 degrees below 20 DEG and 30 DEG C temperature area, is currently in the pharmaceutical distribution industry compliance professional cold storage temperature range general requirements. Under this premise, the medical professional cold storage has a more basic resource standard, and the relative cost also has a clear basis.
2. Food cold storage
Compared with the general characteristics of medical professional cold storage, food storage is very vague, such as: deep freeze for a -18 C, -60 C and other versions, not to mention the other zone, or even only 1~2 degrees Celsius temperature range between the temperature zone, and the multi zone differences, coupled with the low industry concentration, enterprise life cycle and product market cycle is short, resulting in cold storage utilization is low, resulting in cold storage investment and construction and operating costs can not control. The demand for food and vegetables, poultry and aquatic products has a higher demand for cold storage and lower generality.
Therefore, according to the characteristics of the regional market cold chain storage products, do not deliberately stressed cold cast construction standards, but to do a simple classification from the industry direction, with temperature as the starting point, the general configuration of independence, separation of cold storage, a more realistic approach is effective. Such as: in the whole logistics park or industrial park to a certain proportion of refrigerated storage, frozen storage and so on.
Three, publicity
The words in accordance with the current domestic market, cold chain, low concentration, industry, extensive exhibition industry of small scale characteristics, cold storage investment and construction must conform to the current demand variability, variability and gradient characteristics, but also take into account the scale of delivery, versatility, and low demand combination ability ask, this is a problem placed in front of investors in cold storage. It is probably one of the most important ways to solve this problem. The standpoint of publicity and generalization is different. The latter is based on the concern of demand for architectural form and structure. The former pays more attention to the efficiency and cost optimization of the client. The public design of the cold storage mainly includes the following two aspects:
1, module structure
It refers to planning small unit area storehouse, forming storeroom module, calculating, designing and configuring basic architectural form space based on single module and module scale, such as facilities and equipment space, cold volume space, traffic space, pipeline space and so on, that is, modularized space conditions. This helps the users of the cold storage effectively calculate, and design reasonable use space and operation logic.
2, independent combination and self-supporting
It means that the cold storage investor does not participate in the combination and internal matching of the cold storage module storeroom, which is completed by the user or the lessee independently, or the property owner does not participate actively. The reason is that in the industry and the market has not yet formed an objective and fair standard premise, even the simplest building or equipment investment will be recognized by customers as "profit squeeze", resulting in cost and price can not be achieved. Therefore, the investment party is only responsible for the construction and configuration of the basic module is a more realistic solution.
Four, matching
Power supply, water supply and drainage, heating, pressure supply, sewage treatment and relatively independent traffic distribution are the main problems facing the domestic cold storage resources at present.
1. Power supply
Freon refrigerant is the leading and guiding collocation of the service industry cold storage. Because its cooling efficiency is lower than that of the traditional refrigerant and the power consumption is large, the matching requirements of the electric power for the cold store should be the first place. On the other hand, the frequent inside and out of the warehouse operation of the service refrigeratory makes the cold effect more pressure, and the demand for electricity is increased objectively. According to the structural characteristics of modular accounting, so investors voted to build the initial design of cold storage in the refrigerator, can according to the distribution of electric power investment, at the same time on the day after the rental sales, but also can realize the proportion of clear accounting, arrangement of allocation of power resources of the price.
2. Water supply and drainage, heat supply, pressure supply and sewage treatment
The processing of cold storage with the cold chain industry division, operation cost and supply chain management in-depth factors such as demand grows. The cold chain processing has put forward higher requirements for the treatment and disposal of water, heat, pressure and pollution because of the difference of storage products and demand of supply and demand. For cold store investors, it is not a one-stop configuration according to the individual needs of customers, but a reasonable space, capacity and capability based on module calculation.
3, relatively independent traffic layout
Because of the large difference between the cold storage and the ordinary dry storehouse, it is often used with the dry warehouse in a logistics park or industrial park. The layout of the cold storage starts from the loading and unloading door and the platform of the cold storage, which is different from that of the dry warehouse. At the same time, due to the cold chain transportation and operation period and in different ways, it is set relatively independent of the traffic line in the same logistics park or industrial park is especially important. In order to ensure the stable temperature of cold storage, there are more strict control of the door opening and operation time in the library, so that the vehicle dynamic adjustment in the park with attention, even the need to configure certain scale car parking site continued.
Besides the above factors, the heat preservation, humidity treatment, fire control, airflow and security management of cold storage are also important issues that need attention in the initial stage of cold storage planning and construction, and also occupy a certain proportion of cold storage investment.
Source: top public logistics