4 trillion market, 100 million M warehouse, 134 thousand cold chain cars... 2017 cold chain data of agricultural products in China
- 2018-05-18 11:46
- Cold chain agricultural products big data logistics mode innovation supply chain E-commerce
Professor Hong Tao shared the "Chinese cold chain logistics model innovation" at the GIIS2018 China cold chain logistics leaders summit. From the three aspects of the current situation, problems and trends of cold chain logistics, the system presents authoritative, accurate data and research results.
Hong Tao, a specialist in electronic commerce experts committee of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, made a keynote speech on "innovation of the cold chain logistics model of agricultural products in China". The following is the full text of the speech:
Well, the eight ministries and commissions, such as the Ministry of Commerce, recently proposed the "five batch" of the supply chain application, among which there are a number of innovation modes of supply chain, so I will tell you the problem of the innovation of the cold chain logistics mode of our agricultural products.
I am a professor at Beijing Technology and Business University and a special expert in the Ministry of agriculture of the Ministry of Commerce. I am also an expert in e-commerce at the Ministry of Commerce. Today I want to mainly talk about three aspects: the first is the status quo; the second is the problem; the third is the development trend. This is also a number of problems that we need to solve at present.
First, the current situation of the cold chain logistics model of agricultural products in China
(1) the 2017/2018 government has introduced a number of cold chain policies
Last year and this year, the government introduced a number of cold chain policies. We summed up the following four aspects:
(two) the progress of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China in 2017.
Looking back at the past 2017, China's agricultural cold chain logistics has made some progress, and we have summed up it in seven aspects.
1. The overall scale
In 2017, the total amount of cold chain logistics in China's agricultural products reached 4 trillion yuan, up 14.29%, accounting for 1.58% of the total logistics total of 252 trillion and 800 billion of the country. The total income of cold chain logistics reached 240 billion yuan and increased by 10%. In addition, our cold chain logistics warehouse more than 100 million cubic meters, our cold chain car reached 134 thousand, the annual increase of 19 thousand, from this figure to see the distance between us and developed countries is shortening, and even in some projects we have exceeded the developed countries, the overall regulation is relatively large.
It is worth noting that China's agricultural Cold Chain Logistics accounts for only 1.58% of the total logistics volume of the country, which also raises some problems for us.
2. The state of demand
The demand of agricultural products cold chain logistics is very vigorous in China. First of all, we look at the scale of fresh products in China, from 11 billion tons in 2011 to 13.27 billion tons in 2013; the business income of the catering industry has reached 3 trillion and 960 billion. In 2017, we were the first in the world, that is, our largest food and beverage country.
Secondly, the market size of the cold chain trading market is 470 billion yuan, the output value of the food industry is over 12 trillion, and the output value of the leisure food industry will reach 1 trillion and 990 billion, and the output value of our snacks will reach 1 trillion and 40 billion. This shows that China is a huge consumer market.
3. Fruit and vegetable meat and aquatic products
At present, the circulation rate of cold chain in fruits, vegetables, meat and aquatic products has been greatly increased in China. From the data, the circulation rate of fruits and vegetables, meat and aquatic products is increasing year by year. One is the rate of circulation and the second is the cold chain rate. Here we do not start. Through these figures, we can see that our agricultural products cold chain is still developing greatly.
4. Cold chain standard
In 2017, China's cold chain standards are constantly introduced. In these standards, we have also participated in the formulation and revision of a large number of standards, and some of the standards have become international standards.
Cold chain of 5 and third parties
Third party cold chain logistics rise, in addition to such as Shun Feng cold transport, Jingdong, nine traction, easy flow and other familiar enterprises, including some new enterprises, it has actively entered the field, become the backbone, and promote the development of professional third party logistics.
6, reduce the cost and increase efficiency
The effect of cooling chain logistics is remarkable. The Ministry of transport has put forward to us, in 2017, the logistics cost of the whole country has been reduced by 88 billion 160 million. In 2018, it will ensure that the cost reduction is not lower than that of 2017.
7, new format
Agricultural products, e-commerce and agricultural products logistics have spawned new formats. China has a long history of cold chain logistics, the emergence of e-commerce has also promoted the development of cold chain logistics, and promoted the transformation and upgrading of the traditional cold chain logistics. In addition, we also see that intelligent fresh stores, unmanned fresh stores, smart farmers and farmers' market are increasing.
(three) cold chain new technology to boost intelligent cold chain upgrading
Cold chain logistics has a relatively high demand for storage, transportation and safety management control. In 2017, the cold chain logistics in China has made breakthrough innovation in the technical and model aspects.
In 2017, the technological innovation of cold chain logistics in China is: postpartum commodity processing technology, slaughtering processing link to realize low temperature control technology, packaging scale technology, integrated cold chain technology, temperature monitoring technology, Food Traceability Technology, HACCP technology, 3S technology, Sheng Xiannong product quality grading technology, upstream and downstream enterprises Cold chain docking technology, supply chain management technology, Food Traceability Technology.
Today, I can't enumerate without eating and sleeping. Various kinds of technology are constantly innovating and developing, pushing forward the innovation of cold chain logistics.
(four) the cold chain supply chain model has new innovation
In 2017, the innovation of cold chain supply chain model includes "intelligent integration" model, "community" model, "trusteeship" mode, "closed ring" model, "immediate control" mode, and supply chain "parallel" model.
Through the construction of self logistics system, Jingdong has built a cold chain logistics network covering more than 300 cities to solve the problem of weak infrastructure in rural areas. Rookies integrate cold chain logistics resources through platform to provide cold chain logistics services for agricultural products. These have promoted the transformation, upgrading and innovation of China's cold chain logistics.
(five) there are seven bright spots in the cold chain logistics in China in 2017
One is the application of Ali rookie, unmanned barn of Jingdong, unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned vehicle and unmanned vehicle mode; two is Ali Jingdong, Suning green packaging box is widely carried out in the country; three is the data fake technology on the Ali platform, 97% can be self identified by the website; four is the extensive application of unmanned store, intelligent store and experience store technology; five is five Face recognition technology in application, eye pattern recognition technology started; six is the government traceability, platform traceability, enterprise traceability framework system has been formed; seven is the central and European chain of cold chain logistics classes opened, the September 25, 2017 Qigihar international cold chain logistics column opened to become a new bright spot.
All these indicate or indicate that China's cold chain logistics in 2017 is an extraordinary year.
Sixth, the application of new technology and new mode has promoted the improvement of cold chain efficiency. Seventh is the green logistics, green cold chain logistics.
Two, problems and reasons of cold chain logistics mode of agricultural products in China
Come with us and do an analysis. First, China is a big country in agricultural production, trade and consumption, not a cold chain power. At present, the production of agricultural products is 21 million tons, then the import of agricultural products is 25 million tons, this amount is very huge, but many of our agricultural products are wasting and wasting in the process of postpartum transportation, so we have to change from the past to the quality, from the past to pursue the speed to pursue the benefit. From the past pursuit of products to the pursuit of brand quality and service transformation.
At present, there are so many problems that we have. The first is that the cold chain system is not perfect; the second is the cost problem; the third is the problem that the proportion of the agricultural product logistics to the total logistics is only 1.5%, and the most important problem is that the contradiction between the supply of cold chain logistics resources is more than the demand or the supply is in short supply, that is to say, the cold chain logistics in China is not lack of resources integration, So we have made some analysis of this problem. Here, I hope you will come together to study and solve these problems.
Three, the development trend of agricultural products cold chain logistics mode in China
Today, I will focus on the development trend of the model. The Secretary General of the Qin Dynasty is speaking on the macro level. From my point of view, I think there are several trends.
(1) four major backgrounds of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China
First, the central document No.1 mentioned in the central document No.1 Rural Revitalization Strategy that we should attach importance to the cold chain logistics of agricultural products.
Second, the Ministry of Commerce, such as the Ministry of Commerce and other eight ministries recently issued the supply chain to build "five batch" enterprises, a number of models, a number of people, a number of platforms, a number of innovative experiences and some experience of government governance.
Third, the Ministry of agriculture is responsible for developing the quality of agricultural products, promoting agriculture with quality, developing agriculture with green products and strengthening agriculture by brand.
The fourth is to speed up the standardization of agricultural products cold chain. This is the four important background we face. From this, we see that the cold chain logistics of China's agricultural products, especially in the mode, has ten big trends, the so-called trend is that we say it is the best of half the effort. So we explore the development trend of China's agricultural products cold chain logistics, that is, explore its scale of development, there are ten aspects.
(two) there are 10 trends in cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China.
First, the convergence trend, the integration of agricultural e-commerce and Internet access.
Second, standardization trend, the development of fresh cold chain logistics standardization.
Third, the trend of functionalization, all kinds of cold chain logistics should play a variety of functions, one of which is synergy function. What I have just said about our current problems is not lack of integration of resources, which requires us to cooperate to avoid the waste of the cold chain logistics resources of our agricultural products. For example, we are in short supply, but in some places, even in Shanghai, the utilization rate of cold chain storage is only 60%, so 40% does not play a role.
Fourth, Branding Trend and brand development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products.
Fifth, the whole channel trend, the development of agricultural products cold chain logistics. That is to say, network channel and network channel, platform + base + farmer, platform to distribution center and network terminal, and then all kinds of network, Internet of things, mobile network, big data, cloud computing, block chain, artificial intelligence all channel development. China's cold chain logistics.
Sixth, the trend of internationalization, the trend of the internationalization of the cold chain of agricultural products, the opening of the cold chain classes of agricultural products in China and Europe, and the flights of our aerial cold chain, all of which have promoted the internationalization of the cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China. Sometimes we have 25 billion tons of agricultural products, of which more than 400 million tons of agricultural products are imported from abroad, and we use these resources both at home and abroad well.
Seventh, intelligent trend, agricultural products cold chain logistics must take the road of intelligent development.
Eighth, the trend of greening, green trend of agricultural products cold chain logistics, green cold chain box is just one of them, a form.
Ninth, the trend of community-based development and the community-based development of agricultural products cold chain logistics.
Tenth, the trend of the legal system, the legal system of agricultural products cold chain logistics, through laws and regulations and standard system to promote the sustainable development of the cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China.
Today, I take advantage of this opportunity to communicate with you. Since 2013, we will publish a "report on the development of China's agricultural product e-commerce" every year. This year we also issued a "development report on the cold chain logistics of China's agricultural products", some of which are the content of today's speech, In a sense, these figures are more authoritative, effective and accurate.
Report on the development of China's agricultural products cold chain logistics in 2018 (Quan Wen)
President of China food (agricultural products) safety Business Research Institute
Hong Tao
1. In 2017, China's agricultural products cold chain logistics achieved remarkable results.
1. The government has introduced a number of positive cold chain policies
In 2017, our government derived a number of policies and measures on the basis of snobbery, including the office of the State Council, issued the opinion on accelerating the development of cold chain logistics to ensure food safety promotion and promotion of consumption ("opinion on consumption upgrading"), guidance on actively promoting innovation and application of supply chain, Ministry of transportation and transportation. We issued the "implementation of opinions on accelerating the development of cold chain logistics to ensure food safety and promoting consumption upgrading" to encourage healthy development of cold chain logistics.
The views on consumption upgrading point out the direction for the development of cold chain logistics in China. According to the guidance of the State Council, the cold chain logistics should be strengthened in the following 8 aspects: one is to further improve the cold chain logistics standard and service standard system; two is to further improve the cold chain logistics infrastructure network; three is to encourage the cold chain logistics enterprise management innovation; four is to improve the level of cold chain logistics information; five is to speed up cold chain. Logistics technology and equipment innovation and application; six is to increase the supervision of the cold chain logistics industry; seven is the innovative cold chain logistics management system mechanism; eight is to improve the cold chain logistics policy support system.
In 2017, according to the notice of the office of the Ministry of Commerce on the summary, evaluation and recommendation of the national demonstration market for public welfare agricultural products, the first, second batch of 49 demonstration markets for national public welfare agricultural products were identified: (1) the national demonstration market for public welfare agricultural products (wholesale) 28, such as the logistics of agricultural products of Shanxi Zhangzi's head Garden, Beijing Dahongmen Jing Shen seafood wholesale market, and so on; (2) national public welfare agricultural product demonstration market (retail) list of 21, such as Shanxi Mei good chain supermarket Limited by Share Ltd, Beijing Jing Long commercial group Limited by Share Ltd.
(two) the progress of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China in 2017.
1, 2017 China's agricultural product cold chain logistics total amount to 4 trillion yuan, up 17.6%, accounting for 1.58% of the total logistics total of 252 trillion and 800 billion yuan, the total income of cold chain logistics reached 240 billion yuan, increased 10%, the cold chain logistics warehouse reached 119 million 370 thousand cubic meters, up 13.7% to 47 million 750 thousand tons, about 47 million 750 thousand tons, a year-on-year increase of 13.7%, refrigerated cars are expected to reach To 134 thousand vehicles, an increase of 19 thousand year-on-year, an increase of 16.5% over the same period.
2, in 2017, China's agricultural products cold chain logistics demand was strong. According to the data from the National Bureau of statistics, the scale of fresh market (meat, aquatic products, eggs, milk, vegetables and fruits) in 2017 was over 13 million tons, up to 13.28 million tons, and the market size of cold chain trading amounted to 470 billion yuan. In the "6.18", "double eleven", and the annual goods Festival, the proportion of fresh raw materials is becoming higher and higher in the people's network consumption list, which not only benefits from the improvement of people's living standards, but also benefits from the rapid development of cold chain logistics. In addition, in 2016, the output value of our food industry (excluding the tobacco industry) was over 11 trillion and 100 billion yuan, up 8.9% from the same period, 3 trillion and 580 billion yuan in total food and beverage industry, and 10.8% over the same period. By 2019, the output value of China's leisure food industry will reach 1 trillion and 990 billion yuan, and the output value of snack food will reach 1 trillion and 40 billion yuan.
2, in 2017, China's agricultural products cold chain logistics demand was strong. According to the data from the National Bureau of statistics, the scale of fresh market (meat, aquatic products, eggs, milk, vegetables and fruits) in 2017 was over 13 million tons, up to 13.28 million tons, and the market size of cold chain trading amounted to 470 billion yuan. In the "6.18", "double eleven", and the annual goods Festival, the proportion of fresh raw materials is becoming higher and higher in the people's network consumption list, which not only benefits from the improvement of people's living standards, but also benefits from the rapid development of cold chain logistics. In addition, in 2016, the output value of our food industry (excluding the tobacco industry) was over 11 trillion and 100 billion yuan, up 8.9% from the same period, 3 trillion and 580 billion yuan in total food and beverage industry, and 10.8% over the same period. By 2019, the output value of China's leisure food industry will reach 1 trillion and 990 billion yuan, and the output value of snack food will reach 1 trillion and 40 billion yuan.
3. At present, the circulation rate of cold chain in fruits, vegetables, meat and aquatic products has been greatly increased in China. In 2010, the circulation rate of cold chain in fruits and vegetables, meat and aquatic products in China was only 5%, 15%, 23% respectively, and the refrigerated transport rates were only 15%, 30% and 40% respectively. In recent years, the regulations of the cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China have increased rapidly. By 2015, the cold chain circulation rate of fruit and vegetable, meat industry and aquatic product reached 22%, 34% and 41% respectively. The refrigerated transport rate was 35%, 57% and 69% respectively. It was better completed or slightly exceeded the "12th Five-Year" cold chain logistics planning target in China.
Note: in recent years, the use of 10000 cubic meters has been generally adopted, but since 2008, it has been used for 10000 tons. In order to maintain its continuity, 10000 tons are still adopted. In 2016, it was 105 million cubic meters and 119 million 370 thousand cubic meters in 2017.
In 4 and 2017, China's cold chain standards were constantly introduced. In 2017, China's cold chain standards were continuously promulgated, and international standards were widely applied. In the cold storage area, the cold storage construction of the producing areas increased, and the volume of refrigerated storage, fresh storage and modified atmosphere storage will increase. In the aspect of refrigerated vehicles, the introduction of the new national standard GB1589 provides new impetus for standardizing and promoting the development of refrigerated vehicle market. The cold chain logistics system will also move towards the third party service step by step. The standard catalogue collected in "China cold chain logistics standard catalogue manual (2017)" is 193 items of national standards, industry standards and local standards issued before June 30, 2017.
By 2017, 7 years established the current food safety standard system to complete a total of 1293 standards for the cleaning and integration of 5000 food standards, and issued 1224 national standards for food safety. These standards generally include 8 aspects: food, food additives, pathogenic microorganisms related to food products, Limit requirements for pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, biological toxins, heavy metals and other substances. China has become the only developing country in charge of the two committee of the international Codex Alimentarius Commission on food additives and pesticide residues.
In November 25, 2017, the first domestic e-commerce standard for fresh agricultural products was released in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The standard for the circulation of agricultural products was compiled by the Institute of information research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Hangzhou Agel Ecommerce Ltd. The standard has been made up of 28 categories, including 4 kinds of vegetables, fruits, meat and fish eggs and tea. The specific contents include basic quality requirements, grade standards, safety testing, packaging and identification, and production. Product requirements, storage and transportation management.
5, third party cold chain logistics rise. Such as Jie Rongqing, Shanghai leading logistics, Shanghai sea air logistics, Jingdong (now also provided some third party business), rookie, Shun Feng cold transport, fresh supply chain, China Merchants beauty cold, uniting, nine traction chain, home housing, geek cold chain, black dog logistics, fast line, code matching, easy flow logistics, cold unio under the world and so on.
6, cold chain logistics has achieved remarkable results in reducing costs and improving efficiency. In 2017, China's cold chain logistics has achieved leaping development. Reducing the cost and increasing efficiency is the top priority. The Ministry of transport pointed out in February 7, 2018 that the national logistics cost decreased by 88 billion 160 million in 2017, and that the cost reduction in 2018 will not be lower than that in 2017.
7, agricultural products, e-commerce, agricultural products cold chain logistics has given rise to many new formats.
For example, the emergence of various modes of agricultural products e-commerce in China, in 2017, China's agricultural product network retail is expected to exceed 240 billion yuan, there are many intelligent fresh stores, unmanned fresh experience stores (containers), intelligent farmers market and so on. Such as box horse fresh, super species, 7F, and so on, in April 2017, the first agricultural group under the first agricultural group announced the introduction of the housing service "the first farm HELO house fresh match". In March 2017, I bought the Internet line housing platform "top English life", with the membership mode into the fresh electricity business. Fresh electricity supplier has already opened the family vegetable business of organic vegetable and milk. In addition, there are "cold chain joint distribution", "fresh electricity supplier + cold chain delivery", "central kitchen + food cold chain distribution" mode innovation.
(three) cold chain new technology and new mode to boost industry upgrading
Cold chain logistics has a relatively high demand for storage, transportation and safety management control. In 2017, the cold chain logistics in China has made breakthrough innovation in the technical and model aspects.
In 2017, the technological innovation of cold chain logistics in China is: postpartum commodity processing technology, slaughtering processing link to realize low temperature control technology, packaging scale technology, integrated cold chain technology, temperature monitoring technology, Food Traceability Technology, HACCP technology, 3S technology, Sheng Xiannong product quality grading technology, upstream and downstream enterprises Cold chain docking technology, supply chain management technology, Food Traceability Technology.
(four) the cold chain supply chain model has new innovation
In 2017, the innovation of supply chain model includes "intelligent integration" model, "community" model, "trusteeship" mode, "closed ring" model, "immediate control" mode, and supply chain "parallel" model. Through the construction of self logistics system, Jingdong has built a cold chain logistics network covering more than 300 cities to solve the problem of weak infrastructure in rural areas. Rookies integrate cold chain logistics resources through platform to provide cold chain logistics services for agricultural products.
(five) there are seven bright spots in the cold chain logistics in China in 2017
One is the application of Ali rookie, unmanned barn of Jingdong, unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned vehicle and unmanned vehicle mode; two is Ali Jingdong, Suning green packaging box is widely carried out in the country; three is the data fake technology on the Ali platform, 97% can be self identified by the website; four is the extensive application of unmanned store, intelligent store and experience store technology; five is five Face recognition technology is applied, and eye pattern recognition technology is beginning to start; six is the government traceability, platform traceability, enterprise traceability framework system has been formed; seven is the central and European chain of cold chain logistics classes opened, the September 25, 2017 Qigihar international cold chain logistics column opened to become a new highlight - the "Longhai" cold The chain was loaded with Qigihar real estate onion and was shipped to Moscow in Russia 10 days later. It returned to Qigihar to carry high quality goods, such as Russian food, wine and meat products, after arriving in Moscow.
(six) the application of new technology and new mode to promote the efficiency of supply chain.
Taking food traceability technology as an example, food traceability technology is like everyone's identity card number, unique and connectivity. Through food traceability technology, it can fully record the whole process of cold chain from origin to terminal consumption. Every key link has information records, not only for consumers to eat food. There is a clear understanding of the safety of the product. It can also clearly understand and deal with the problems in the link, and promote the efficiency of the cold chain logistics under the premise of increasing the significance of food safety. And the new model of "intelligent integration" will promote the industry transformation and upgrading through the improvement of the procurement, storage and transport links involved in the supply chain. .
(seven) green logistics leads fashion trend.
2017 the "double eleven" society has set 850 million new records for logistics orders. "Green parcel" has become the fashion of social concern. According to the rookie company statistics, in 2017, "double eleven" used more than 10 million green packages; nearly 10 million express cartons were recovered, equivalent to nearly 100 thousand trees. Suning uses a more portable, portable, reusable "shared express box", which can save about 1 trees of 10 age with each use of more than 2000 times.
In the period of "double eleven" in 2017, the net retail volume of agricultural products in rural areas was 7 billion 191 million yuan ("double eleven" was 3 billion 543 million yuan), and the proportion of the national agricultural product network retail was 29.30%. The retail sales of herbs, fruits and tea industry reached 17.15, 16.07 and 1 billion 486 million yuan respectively, accounting for 23.85%, 22.35% and 20.67% respectively, ranking the top three.
Problems of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China in two and 2017
In 2017, the imperfect cold chain system in China has become a hindrance to the advance of the logistics enterprises. Because of the cold chain of the government departments, many enterprises invest blindly, which leads to the shortage of investment and excessive investment in the cold chain of agricultural products, which leads to the lack of integration of resources in the cold chain of agricultural products throughout the country.
In 2017, there existed excessive competition in the cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China, resulting in the loss and bankruptcy of many enterprises. In September 29, 2017, the interconnected bankruptcy liquidation of frozen products. Frozen product interconnection was established in 2014. It is a B2B e-commerce platform for frozen fresh goods. It focuses on the supply of frozen food and food for small and medium food and beverage merchants, and comes into the restaurant purchasing network from the angle of high frequency and just need. In 2017, Xu Xian of O2O was also unable to operate normally, and the cold chain logistics system could not support.
In 2017, the cost of agricultural products cold chain logistics in China is still relatively high. Because the cold chain logistics is not very specialized, there are still some problems in the cold chain logistics of our country, such as high operating cost and impetuous management mentality. Luqiao fees, fuel costs, labor costs and so on year by year, the three add up to account for more than 80% of the total income of cold chain enterprises. It has become a big mountain on the cold chain logistics enterprises. To a certain extent, it aggravates the impetuosity of the enterprise's mentality. In the aspect of expenditure, there are few business owners in the information system, equipment upgrading and talent. Increase investment in training, service promotion and so on.
In 2017, the cold chain of agricultural products in China faced many problems in rural areas, which mainly concentrated on the problem of "unbalanced development and insufficient". The proportion of agricultural products logistics accounted for only 1.58% of the total social logistics total, but the shortage and surplus of rural logistics existed, the resources were not fully utilized, and the current cold chain logistics was not lack of resources. Lack of integration, the government's multi sector investment, such as the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of agriculture, the development and Reform Commission, the national Ministry of industry and information, and so on, the investment of many enterprises and the investment of various economic components, especially the "Red Sea" in the rural logistics, has become the "blue sea", and many of the investment has not formed a system, because this can not form the benefit.
In 2017, the old problems of cold chain logistics in China's agricultural products still have not been solved. For example, the cold chain logistics of our agricultural products is late, the foundation is weak, the market size is not large, the concentration of the industry is not high, and the level of specialization is not high. "No sale, no transportation, no storage, high cost and large losses" seriously affect farmers' income and poverty relief.
Three, the problems of agricultural products cold chain logistics in China
Cold chain of agricultural products includes four links: low temperature processing, low temperature storage, low temperature transportation, distribution and low temperature sales. It has the characteristics of complexity, coordination, high cost, complex information and so on. Therefore, the difficulty of the cold chain logistics of agricultural products is very difficult.
The reduction of the efficiency is for the whole cold chain logistics industry, the current reduction of the efficiency of the work is mainly reflected in the cold chain facilities, construction land, cold chain transport vehicles, cold chain enterprise financing, and other aspects of the government to promote and support. China's segmented and decentralized logistics methods make the cost of cold chain food at present higher. To meet the growing demand for better life, there is a long way to go. The future standardization, standardization, intensive industry is the ultimate goal of the industry, and the future cold chain enterprises must be intelligent enterprises.
There is a big gap between the cold chain logistics in China and the developed countries. Although there is a large population base, the market size is still small, and there are still many problems in the cold chain logistics.
The main problem of the current cold chain logistics is the dispersion of industries and the lack of integrated national network giants. The government's multi sector investment, such as the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of agriculture, the development and Reform Commission, the national Ministry of industry and information, and so on, the investment of many enterprises, the investment of various economic components, especially the "Red Sea" of the rural logistics, has turned into the "blue sea", and many of the investment has not formed a system, so it can not form the benefit.
The existing problems of cold chain logistics in China are mainly reflected in the structural imbalance of the cold chain infrastructure and equipment, the large difference in the cold storage area, the uneven distribution of cold chain logistics enterprises and the lack of cold chain personnel. According to statistics, the total capacity of the national cold storage in 2017 reached 47 million 750 thousand tons. At present, the total amount of cold storage in China is basically equal to that of the United States, but the per capita possession is only 1/4 of the United States, which accounts for the 1/3 of Japan. The number of refrigerated cars is not much, "fake" refrigerated cars still exist on the market, many used sea cabinet reloading refrigerated cars are still running on the road, which plays a limited role in the development of cold chain of agricultural products.
Due to the unreasonable development of the structure, the number of cold chain infrastructure facilities in coastal areas and the northern part of Guangzhou city is large. Cold chain logistics enterprises are not enough to reduce the degree of intensive enterprises, and the whole enterprises are in a state of small scattered. Cold chain logistics professionals lack of market demand for explosive growth, but cold chain professionals appear short board, restricting the development of enterprises.
The development trend of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China in four and 2018
(1) four background of China's agricultural products cold chain logistics in 2018
The No. 1 document of 1 and 2018 attaches importance to the cold chain logistics of agricultural products
The central document of 2018 points out: focus on solving the outstanding problems in the sale of agricultural products, strengthening the postpartum classification, packaging and marketing of agricultural products, building a modern agricultural product cold chain storage and logistics system, creating a public service platform for the sale of agricultural products, and supporting the extension of the service outlets to the rural areas by the supply and marketing, the postal service and all kinds of enterprises. The mechanism of stabilizing the production and marketing of agricultural products, building a broad infrastructure to promote the development of rural e-commerce, and encouraging all kinds of market subjects to innovate and develop the new model of agricultural industry based on the Internet, carry out the comprehensive demonstration of electronic commerce into the rural areas, and accelerate the modernization of rural circulation.
In 2018, the central No. 1 document also pointed out that we should continue to focus on infrastructure construction in rural areas, speed up the construction of rural highways, water supply, gas supply, environmental protection, power grid, logistics, information, radio and television and other infrastructure, and promote the interconnection and intercommunication of urban and rural infrastructure.
2, the Ministry of Commerce began the construction of a standardized demonstration city for agricultural products cold chain circulation.
The Ministry of Commerce announced 4 "demonstration cities for cold chain circulation of agricultural products" in January 2018: Xiamen, Chengdu, Weifang and Yantai. The Ministry of Commerce announced the "standardized demonstration enterprise of cold chain circulation of agricultural products" (9): Shandong Zhongkai Xingye Trade Plaza Co., Shandong Xidi Industrial Co., Ltd., Hyatt group Limited by Share Ltd, Xiji Rong Qing logistics supply chain Co., Ltd., Shandong Hongda ginger Market Co., Ltd., Shenzhou Jiang cellar Agricultural Group Limited company (original name: Weifang Yadong Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd.), Qinghai Sanjiang group commodity reserve Co., Ltd., Qinghai green grass source food Co., Ltd., Xinjiang sea Federation three State Investment Co., Ltd. The Ministry of Commerce has carried out cold chain logistics pilot projects in 10 cities since 2016, and held a pilot meeting of cold chain logistics cities in Qinghai in January 2018.
3. The Ministry of agriculture carries out the "year of the quality of agricultural products"
The Ministry of agriculture has built 100 green and standardized production demonstration bases for fruit and vegetable tea, 100 modern demonstration pastures, and 500 aquatic health farms. The quality monitoring covers 110 varieties of 5 major products in 150 large and medium sized cities and markets in China. 10 provinces are selected to carry out pilot demonstration experiments. We will continue to strengthen the construction of 322 agricultural products quality and safety counties. In the big city of 100 fruit and vegetable tea production, organic manure replacement fertilizer pilot was carried out in the big county. In 150 counties, the whole green control experiment of fruit and vegetable tea disease and insect was carried out. 200 pig, cow, beef cattle breeding county were used to promote the utilization of livestock and poultry dung, 150 counties carried out the pilot of comprehensive utilization of straw and carried out the experiment of agricultural film recovery in 100 counties. We should publish the guiding opinions on accelerating the brand to strengthen agriculture, and guide all regions to carry out agricultural brand construction in an orderly way. We will create 100 main crop demonstration counties.
4, continue to accelerate the construction of agricultural products cold chain standardization
The national development and reform ministry, Ministry of agriculture, Ministry of Commerce, National Standard Committee, local governments and trade associations will continue to speed up the standardization of agricultural products cold chain logistics. In March 2018, the Beijing Municipal Commerce Commission completed the formulation and consultation of the Beijing municipal standard of the local standard of food cold chain housing service (hereinafter referred to as "standard"). The "standard" will be issued. The "standard" stipulates the requirements for the storage temperature and humidity of perishable food in cold chain. The fresh house with the precision of the family service is being favored by the consumers. It is the urgent task to establish the strict temperature standard for the storage, distribution and outgoing links of the cold chain distribution goods. The enterprises that provide the housing service mainly take the fresh category, and are very sensitive to the temperature. The corresponding "standard" provides a unified measure and implementation and standard for the enterprises after the introduction of the "standard", which is conducive to the quality of the enterprises to control the cold chain goods.
(two) in 2018, the cold chain logistics of agricultural products showed 10 trends.
(1) the trend of integration of agricultural products e-commerce network under the Internet; (2) the trend of standardization of the fresh cold chain logistics; (3) all kinds of cold chain logistics play a multi-functional trend; (4) the trend of branding of cold chain logistics of agricultural products; (5) the whole channel trend of cold chain logistics of agricultural products; (6) the trend of cold chain internationalization of agricultural products, many Chinese and European agricultural products (6) the cold chain logistics intelligent trend of agricultural products; (7) the green chain logistics green trend of agricultural products, green cold chain box in the whole country promotion; (8) the trend of the cold chain logistics of agricultural products; (10) the trend of the legal system of cold chain logistics of agricultural products.
Source: Great alliance of the University of Bo